Types of Motorcycle Suspension
Telescopic Suspension
The most commonly used front suspension system in motorcycles. It consists of two telescopic forks filled with oil and springs. It is divided into:
- Conventional (right-side-up, RSU) – a classic design where the thicker part of the fork is at the top.
- Upside-down (USD) – a more advanced design used in sport and off-road motorcycles, providing better stiffness and handling precision.
Girder Suspension
Used in classic and custom motorcycles. Instead of telescopes, it uses a system of arms and springs, offering a unique appearance and distinct handling characteristics.
Trailing Link Suspension (Earles Fork)
Popular in motorcycles with sidecars. It provides greater stability but is less commonly used in modern motorcycles.
Hossack Front Suspension
A modern design used in motorcycles such as BMW. Instead of telescopes, it utilizes a triangular lever system and a shock absorber, improving stability and ride comfort.
Rear Suspension and the Role of Suspension Links
The rear suspension of a motorcycle plays a crucial role in traction and ride comfort. The most common solutions include:
- Dual shock swingarm – used in classic and cruiser motorcycles, offering a simple design and easy maintenance.
- Monoshock (single shock absorber) – popular in modern sport and touring motorcycles, ensuring better suspension control.
- Single-sided swingarm – found in sport and luxury motorcycles, allowing quick wheel changes and a distinctive look.
What Are Suspension Links?
Suspension links (also known as lowering links) are components of the rear suspension system that allow for ride height adjustment. These are metal levers connecting the swingarm to the motorcycle frame and shock absorber. Replacing suspension links allows you to:
- Lower the motorcycle – particularly useful for shorter riders, improving stability when stopped.
- Raise the suspension – used in off-road motorcycles to increase ground clearance and enhance off-road capabilities.
- Modify suspension characteristics – affecting the progression of the rear shock absorber's action, allowing customization to the rider's preferences.
Conclusion
Choosing the right suspension greatly impacts motorcycle handling. From classic telescopes to modern Hossack suspension and monoshocks – each system has its advantages and applications. It is also essential to consider suspension links, which allow modifications to the motorcycle's geometry and adaptation to the rider's needs. If you are planning suspension tuning, pay attention to the quality of components and their effect on the bike’s performance.
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